Hi Fritz,
you're right that back pressure should propagate upstream to the sources. Thus, the cause of the back pressure should be the operator following the last operator with back pressure.
In order to debug it you could take a look at the stack trace of the TM. Simply go to the machine on which the TM runs, find out the process id via jps and then call jstack with the respective process id.
Alternatively, you can try to debug the cluster remotely [1].
Cheers,
Till